St John the Evangelist, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, is an emblematic figure of Christianity. Through his role in the Scriptures, his theological writings and the rich symbolism surrounding him, he embodies profound and universal spiritual values. The attributes associated with him in art and tradition reflect these qualities and provide a better understanding of his place in the Christian faith.
The main symbols associated with Saint John
Love and fidelity
Saint John is often called "the disciple whom Jesus loved", an expression that testifies to his deep and privileged bond with Christ. He is the model of Christian love, faithful even to the point of crucifixion and receptive to the mission entrusted to him by Jesus to care for Mary, the mother of God. This love is reflected in his writings, where he proclaims that "God is love" (1 John 4:8).
Spiritual symbolism: The unconditional and universal love advocated by Saint John is an invitation to follow Christ with a pure and selfless heart.
Light and truth
In his Gospel, John focuses on Jesus as the "Light of the world". He uses symbolic contrasts between light and darkness to explain the victory of good over evil and the importance of faith. Saint John is therefore the symbol of the search for divine truth.
Theological symbolism: Light represents knowledge of God, spiritual wisdom and salvation. To pray to Saint John is to ask to be guided towards this light.
Contemplation and mystical depth
Saint John is also considered a mystic, able to contemplate and express profound truths about God and Christ. His Gospel, rich in symbols and theological reflections, invites believers to enter into an intimate and contemplative relationship with God.
Mystical symbolism: Saint John embodies the spiritual quest and the ability to grasp the divine mysteries.
The attributes of Saint John in Christian tradition
The attributes of Saint John in sacred art and Christian tradition help to identify him and understand the specific aspects of his role and message.
The eagle
The eagle is the main attribute of Saint John, particularly in Christian iconography. It represents the height and depth of his theological thought. Just as the eagle flies high in the sky, John's Gospel soars towards celestial and contemplative truths.
Why the eagle? : The Gospel according to John begins with a mystical reflection on the Word ("In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God"). This flight into heaven symbolises spiritual elevation.
The book or scroll
St John is often depicted holding a book or scroll, symbolising his role as an inspired author. He is traditionally considered to be the author of the Gospel according to John, the three epistles of John and the Apocalypse.
Significance:The book or scroll recalls his role in transmitting the teachings of Jesus and deepening the Christian faith.
The poisoned cup
In some depictions, Saint John holds a poisoned cup from which snakes or dragons escape. This image refers to a legend in which he is said to have survived a poisoning attempt thanks to his faith.
Significance: The cup symbolises victory over evil and the divine protection granted to those who believe in God.
The young man
In contrast to other apostles depicted as older figures, Saint John is often depicted as a beardless, gentle-looking young man. This reflects his relative youth at the time he followed Jesus and the purity of his heart.
Significance: Saint John's youth symbolises the vitality of faith and the innocence needed to understand and live the divine mysteries.
The teachings and values embodied by Saint John
Brotherly love
In his epistles, Saint John exhorts Christians to love one another. For him, love is the mark of true discipleship and the proof of God's presence in the lives of believers.
Spiritual lessons: Love is the key to an authentic Christian life, whether it is love towards God, towards our neighbour or towards ourselves.
Fidelity and perseverance
St John is a model of fidelity, remaining by Jesus' side right up to the Cross. Unlike other apostles who fled, he witnessed Christ's suffering and received the mission of caring for the Virgin Mary.
Spiritual lessons:
Staying faithful to God in difficult times is a source of blessings and graces.
Contemplation of the divine mysteries
St John invites believers to a contemplative faith, based on a deep understanding of the mysteries of God. His writings are rich in symbols and images, stimulating reflection and meditation.
Spiritual lessons: Deepening one's faith and seeking divine truth is a path to an intimate relationship with God.
Conclusion
Saint John symbolises love, fidelity, light and spiritual contemplation. His attributes - the eagle, the book, the poisoned cup - illustrate his unique qualities as an apostle, theologian and privileged witness to Jesus Christ. By meditating on his life and message, believers can find inspiration to deepen their faith, love with a sincere heart and seek the light of divine truth. Saint John remains a timeless model for all those who aspire to live a Christian life rich in love and wisdom.
